Wellesley Professor’s Research Supports Idea that Building Blocks of Life May Originate From Interstellar Reactions
Adds Crucial Data to Study of the “Chemistry of the Heavens”
WELLESLEY, Mass./SAN DIEGO, Calif.—Professor Chris Arumainayagam will announce findings from his research conducted at Wellesley College today, Monday, June 13, as part of the annual press briefings kicking off the American Astronomical Society (AAS) national conference in San Diego, Calif. Arumainayagam, a professor of chemistry at Wellesley, will discuss his work—the first systematic study to demonstrate that early building blocks of life may be produced when low-energy (< 20 eV) electrons interact with cosmic (interstellar, planetary, and cometary) ices. His recently published results suggest that low-energy, electron-induced condensed phase reactions may contribute to the interstellar synthesis of prebiotic molecules previously thought to form exclusively via UV photons. In the simplest possible terms, his work is consistent with the idea that we really do come from stardust and is relevant to the first unambiguous detection of glycine in a comet, reported in May 2016. Arumainayagam is the only professor representing a liberal arts college at the press briefing.
The goal of the research is to understand the “chemistry of the heavens” by recreating what happens in interstellar space when high-energy cosmic rays (some with energies much higher than could be produced by the Large Hadron Collider) impact ices (containing water, methanol, and ammonia) surrounding micron-size dust grains in dark dense molecular clouds, where the pressure is ten trillion times lower than that of atmospheric pressure. The interaction of high-energy cosmic rays with matter produces copious numbers of low-energy electrons. Arumainayagam’s results demonstrate that low-energy electron and UV irradiation of methanol ices yield essentially the same reaction products. However, his studies to date have also identified one possible electron-induced cosmic ice chemistry tracer, methoxymethanol, a "complex" organic molecule not identified in UV laboratory photolysis studies of condensed methanol. Future astronomical identification of methoxymethanol within interstellar and/or circumstellar clouds could provide additional evidence for the role of low-energy electrons in astrochemistry. His findings illustrate an urgent need for astrochemical models to include the details of low-energy electron-induced reactions in addition to those driven by UV photons.
Jyoti Campbell, a Wellesley College sophomore, will give an oral presentation at the conference entitled "The Role of Low-Energy Electrons in Astrochemistry: A Tale of Two Molecules.” Campbell has had access to a caliber of technology and equipment rarely available to undergraduates. To attend the conference, she will be taking a break from her summer work at the Jet Propulsion Lab (NASA).
Arumainayagam’s research has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, American Chemical Society, Research Corporation, and the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. The majority of his research is done entirely at Wellesley College with undergraduate students using a state-of the-art ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber, which incorporates many custom-built components. He is currently upgrading his UHV chamber to explore fundamental differences between chemical reactions initiated by photons and electrons.
Reference: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2016.03.012
About Wellesley College
Since 1875, Wellesley College has been a leader in providing an excellent liberal arts education for women who will make a difference in the world. Its 500-acre campus near Boston is home to some 2,400 undergraduate students from 49 states and 58 countries.
Webcast opportunities
Briefings from the 228th AAS meeting in San Diego, California, will be webcast Monday-Wednesday, 13-15 June 2016, at 10:15 am and 2:15 pm Pacific time (UTC – 7 hours) each day. See the AAS 228 briefing schedule for more details. Live webcasts are for accredited journalists only; for the password, please contact AAS Press Officer Dr. Rick Fienberg, +1 202-328-2010 x116. Archived webcasts are freely available without a password.
Press Contacts
Chris Hennessy, Associate Director, Media Relations, chenness@wellesley.edu, 781-283-3201
Sofiya Cabalquinto, Director, Media Relations, scabalqu@wellesley.edu, 917-691-7558
Contact Information for Corresponding Author and Collaborators:
1. Chris Arumainayagam (Wellesley College, 781-283-3326, carumain@wellesley.edu
2. Michael Boyer (Clark University, 508-793-7470, mboyer@clarku.ed
3. Léon Sanche (University of Sherbrook, 819 821-8000, leon.sanche@USherbrooke.ca
4. Andrew Bass (University of Sherbrook, 819 821-8000, Andrew.Bass@usherbrooke.ca)